Case Study of Pepsico-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Food and Berverage Company of your chosen Organization. Answer: Introduction Pepsico is one of the largest Food and Beverage Company all across the globe and manufactures different beverages and snack food to achieve the retail sales. In 2007, Indra Nooyi became the CEO of Pepsico and since then it has achieved several accolades and prizes. The company has been ranked in the top 25 best global brands and ranked number one for Green Award by the Environmental Protection Agency. In the present paper, the case study of Pespsico India has been evaluated. In the recent years, the company has realized its responsibility towards the business environment and made several initiatives for the same. These changes have also benefitted the company in terms of financial profitability. Pepsico has expanded the product portfolio and included several healthy food products. It has also washed the image of the company. Previously, the company was known for the carbonated drinks, which are not good for health; however, the recent expansion in the product portfolio has successful ly changed the image of the organization. Along with it, the company has also shifted to the healthy ingredients so that it can offer more healthy products to the customers. The present paper has discussed the extent of obligations of the business organizations for the society. It has also evaluated how much trade-off can be conducted to achieve the obligation towards the society. The Extent of Obligation of the Company for the Societal and Ethical Responsibility Over the years, the company has established its brand by diversifying the product portfolio and designing an effective branding strategy. Pepsico has evolved from a low price leader to a lifestyle drink brand, which has established a substantial market share of the organization. Nooyi adopted the strategy of the performance with Purpose, which states that the private organizations have the responsibility to fulfill the environmental, social and the ethical responsibilities. The performance is the ability of the organizations to deliver superior and qualitative financial performance to the investors of the company (Ruggie, 2017). The purpose refers to the companys commitment to the human sustainability. The company takes initiatives to manage the natural resources, establish sustainable talent and workplace safety and investment in the operational areas of the organization. It can be critiqued that it is the responsibility of the organization to address the social and the environmental challenges. The business organizations are a part of the society. They conduct business with different sections or the stakeholders of the society. The business organizations make profit due to their interaction with the society. Therefore, it is important that they give back, that they take from the society. It is also important for the long term sustenance of the organizations. If there will be no natural resources or water, these organizations will diminish. The existence of the business organizations is linked with the existence of the existence of the society and the health of the environment (McWilliams Siegel, 2001). The environmental and the social concern make the organization a single unit as the employees and the customers works as a single unit towards the welfare of the society. It is also essential in creating a positive feeling towards the organization. The employees believe a sense of purpose and that they are doing something for the welfare of the society. The organization has to develop a positive bond with the customers too, and it can only be achieved with the help of social and ethical initiatives. In the current environment of the intense competition, it is important for the organizations to take some additional initiatives for making a profit (Tantalo Priem, 2016). The level of competition allows the organizations to take the purchase decision according to the manner in which they are contributing the society. The social and the ethical initiatives also allow the organizations to provide media visibility and create a positive workplace environment for the employees. Today, most of the customers prefer to be engaged with the brands, which have taken some social initiatives (Ioannou Serafeim, 2015). Therefore, the companies are not only obliged to work for the social and the ethical issues, but it is a preferable choice for the customers. The Challenge of Resolving the Strategic Tension between Business Performance and Responsibility It can be stated that it is the preferred choice of the organizations to conduct business in an ethical manner. However, there is an underlying tension as there is a conflict of interest between the ethical and the economic interest of the business organizations. A business is developed and grown with the pursuit of the self-interest and economic profitability; however, ethics is the realization that the interest of other people is equally important. There are two sides of the debate regarding the responsibility of the business, as some people argue that the only obligation of the business is to make as much profit as possible; however, the other side of the debate states that the companies have moral responsibilities along with the responsibility of turning up the profit. Both the theories agree that the business organizations have certain responsibilities; however, there is dispute over the extent of responsibilities. The ethical issues in the business organizations refer to the di lemma which arises for the business managers regarding whether to advance the personal interest or the interest of the society (Okpo, 2013). The extent to which the Company can achieve a compromise between these different purposes In the context of large business organizations, the business managers regularly face ethical and moral dilemma. A several number of managers will face ethical issues, in the operations of the organization. If the moral code of the organization is dubious, it will affect the business operations in the long run. Therefore, it is important for Pepsico to achieve a compromise between the social concerns and the financial benefits. It is important for the organization to understand that the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives and the social campaigns can uplift the brand image of the organization (Bridoux Stoelhorst, 2014). On the other hand, immoral and illegal practices can damage the companys reputation. However, the socially responsible changes require significant amount of financial investment. For instance, when Pepsico India switched to rice brand oil, the amount of profitability decreased as it was costlier than the other types of oil. Therefore, there is compromise between the financial profitability and the social initiatives of the organization. However, there is significant difference between the for-profit and not-for-profit business organizations. If Pepsico will not try to achieve the maximum profit from its operations, it will not be justified with the shareholders or the investors of the organization. Milton Friedman has given the famous shareholders theory, which states that it is the responsibility of the business organizations to make the maximum profit. This theory does not agree that the business enterprises should take the social responsibilities and invest in activities, which are that of social interest. The only responsibility of the business organizations is to invest in the interest of the shareholders (Antonelli, D'Alessio, Cuomo, 2017). The sole responsibility of the business organizations is to be concerned about the interest of their investors, while abiding the basic rules of the society. The corporate executives should work in the benefit of the investors and in their capacity as a businessman; they should act in the interest of the employers, even though some other action is preferable for the interest of the community. Along with it, it is challenging to exercise the social responsibility as the business managers have to properly allocate the resources of employer for the social purpose. On the other hand, the stakeholder theory emphasize that the business managers must be considerate of the ethical rights of the different stakeholders and must not violate them. The stakeholders should be focused on the legitimate rights of the different stakeholders. The stakeholder theory emphasize on the moral values, idealism and the long term relationship base on the foundation of organization, society and the community. It means that the business managers should be considerate of the interest of the stakeholders, even if it reduces the profitability if the organization. Therefore, the business organizations should try to maintain a firm balance between the philanthropic activities and the profit pursuits (Carroll, 2015). The managers of the company should not do anything to make a profit, and they should not bend to increase profits through unethical means. Pespsico should try to make a specific budget for the CSR activities so that it should not focus on philanthropic activities. The stakeholders theory ultimately aims for the existence of the organization. Finding a Balance between the long-term objectives and the short-term objectives In the present competitive world, it is a challenge for Pepsico to sustain the present competition and make long-term plans for the growth of the organization. Another challenge in the formulation of the long-term and short-term objective is to align them so that they result in the growth of the organization. The long-term objectives are the strategic plan for the future growth in the upcoming ten to twenty years. It encompasses the management of the natural resource and enhancing the employee welfare in the organization. It creates a sustainable workforce, which is engaged with the organization. It is the primary responsibility of the CEO or the management of the organization. It is a major challenge to articulate the financial goals of the organization with the mission and the strategy of the organization. The business goals, mission and objectives are imposed by the shareholders of the organization. The business practices are also rooted in the values and the philosophies of the top management. However, despite the importance of the strategic objectives of the organization, the financial objectives are so apparent and tangible, that these organizations make profitability the focal point of tension and disputes at a higher level. It is important to gradually mature the principal product line of the organizations and develop the market in the similar manner. The companies can remain successful and maintain a sustainable position, only if develop strategies for the long-term sustenance of a healthy share in the market (Tai Chuang, 2014). Therefore, in order to maintain harmony between the long-term and short-term objectives, it is important that the company do not give maximum priority to the financial returns of the organization (Flammer, 2015). Moreover, the company should be adaptable to the economic and the competitive environment changes. Pepsico also changed to reinvent its image in India. It introduced several products, which can appeal to the Indian taste buds. The CEO of Pepsico has also understood that maintaining the financial objectives of the organization is a never-ending process, in which the competing and the conflicting priorities of the organization should be balanced. Currently, the corporate business environment is very unstable and can rapidly change according to the shift in the power of the market forces. Pepsico should also understand it and build its innovation capabilities. In the recent years, the customers have become highly aware and want to be associated only with the companies, which are concerned about the environment. Therefore, Pepsico is engaging in these activities and using it to connect with the employees and the customers. Pespsico India could be accused of ethical washing rather than a genuine commitment to do the right things With the analysis of the case study, it can be posited that Pepsico India has a genuine commitment to engage in environmentally and socially responsible activities. The CEO and the top-level management of the organization understand that the organization has the responsibility towards the environment and; therefore, several actions have been taken for the same. A few products in the newly introduced healthy product portfolio have not been successful; still the company is continuing them. In addition to it, the company is also concerned about its supply chain and believes that it is the responsibility of the organization to assure that the lower section of the supply chain are treated in an effective manner. If the company has been engaged in ethical washing, and was not genuinely concerned about the welfare activities, it could have been identified from its CSR activities. Although these activities have been crucial in developing a bond with the employees and the customers, the purpose of the organization is not to use them in promotion and advertising campaigns. It has made huge investment in adapting into sustainable operations so that different benefits can be passed to the customers of the organization. Additionally, it has made the changes in the supply chain so that the sustainable actions can be performed by the business organizations. The company has also invested in establishing a dynamic and sustainable workforce. Several efforts have been taken to recruit and select the talented workforce in the organization (Schwartz, 2017). They are also provided training so that they can grow with the organization and develop themselves. Summary In the present, the case study of Pepsico India has been analyzed, which has recently taken several ethical and socially responsible initiatives. It has been argued that these actions of the company are genuine and not made to portray an excellent image. The company has made several initiatives such as expanding the product portfolio, switching to healthy ingredients and developing a sustainable workforce so that it can give back, what it has taken from the community. It is argued that social and ethical initiatives are the responsibility of the organization as they are the part of the society. The stakeholders theory also posits similar belief and states the financial profitability should not be the sole aim of the organizations. References Okpo, O. (2013). The Conflict Between Profit And Ethics In The Business Of Journalism In Nigeria. European Journal of Business and Management 5(10), 155-162. Schwartz, M. S. (2017).Corporate social responsibility. Routledge. Tai, F. M., Chuang, S. H. (2014). Corporate social responsibility.Ibusiness,6(03), 117. Carroll, A. B. (2015). Corporate social responsibility.Organizational dynamics,44(2), 87-96. Antonelli, V., D'Alessio, R., Cuomo, F. (2017). Beyond Stakeholders Theory: Financial reporting and voluntary disclosure in Italian SME according to a System dynamics point of view.Economia Aziendale Online,7(4), 285-304. Bridoux, F., Stoelhorst, J. W. (2014). Microfoundations for stakeholder theory: Managing stakeholders with heterogeneous motives.Strategic Management Journal,35(1), 107-125. Tantalo, C., Priem, R. L. (2016). Value creation through stakeholder synergy.Strategic Management Journal,37(2), 314-329. McWilliams, A., Siegel, D. (2001). Corporate social responsibility: A theory of the firm perspective.Academy of management review,26(1), 117-127. Ruggie, J. G. (2017). The theory and practice of learning networks: Corporate social responsibility and the Global Compact. InLearning To Talk(pp. 32-42). Routledge. Ioannou, I., Serafeim, G. (2015). The impact of corporate social responsibility on investment recommendations: Analysts' perceptions and shifting institutional logics.Strategic Management Journal,36(7), 1053-1081. Flammer, C. (2015). Does product market competition foster corporate social responsibility? Evidence from trade liberalization.Strategic Management Journal,36(10), 1469-1485.

The Risk and Uncertainty in Oil and Coal Market

Question: Describe about the risk and uncertainty in oil and coal market. Answer: Introduction The primary research topic for this research paper is the risk and uncertainty in oil and coal market. Chiang et al., (2015) depicted that the worlds business procedure is growing rapidly and hence there is an increasing demand of energy resources in these industries. The primary sources of these energy resources are the coal and oil. Hernandez, (2014) illustrate that the users daily consume approximately a total of 90 barrels of oil across the world for different work like feedstock of more fuel and in chemical factories. However, there are several risk and uncertainty associated with the usage and consumption of these natural resources that will be discussed in this research study. The risk that is associated with the concerned industry is the political risk, geological risk, price risk, operational risk, and supply and demand risk. Kashcheeva andTsui, (2015) portray that the political risk factor resembles the regulation formulated by the governing body where the organization persists. These governing bodies mention generates regulation for the procedures by which the extraction of the oil and coal should be extraction by the company (Mix Waldo, 2015). As a result, these organizations are always looking for politically stable countries where the governing authorities provide longer leases for conducting business some circumstances. In context of the geographical risk, Burgherr et al. (2012), mention that it is crucial for an organization to consider the fact that extraction of coal and oil should not be done in the area where drilling of land is less environment friendly like the area besides oceans or mountain ranges. Moreover, Talus, (2014) depict that the p rice risk is a factor that enlightens the circumstances that higher the political and geographical barrier, higher will be the prize risk in oil and coal industries. Caldecott et al., (2016) show that if there are more geographical barrier then the organization possess unconventional extraction of the oil and coal that cost much higher than the conventional vertical drilling to the deposit. In addition to that, it is hard to predict the subsequent price of the coal and oil according to the demand of the community for the energy resources. Bauer et al. (2015) depicted that particularly in this industry, the demand of the associated product is fluctuated according to the market requirement and hence predicting an amount for this proceeds to the way of gambling. Cost risk also resembles to the adversity to retain their loyal and skilled employees for the betterment of their organization and appropriate raise is salary should also be provided to them during the booming season. Gorbacheva and Sovacool, (2015) mentions that another risk with this industry the supply and demand risk that resembles the circumstances when the coal and oil has to be supply in the extreme north direction while the organization who supply the resources is present in the south. The risk that is faced especially by the coal industry is addition is the structural decline for the persuasion of the expo rting the coal. In recent times, people and almost every industry adopts a way that is more environmental-friendly and put less harmful affect by their outcome (Caldecott Robins, 2014). As a result, if every organization takes initiatives for a greener approach for conducting their business, the coal industry faces structural decline. Moreover, both the industry faces the risk of the environment that results in the adverse effect of the land, wastewater and the air pollution caused. Fajersztajn et al., (2013) illustrate that the workers those who are working in these industry also faces health problem caused by the burning of the oil and coal. Harmful chemical substance like Benzene and sulfur dioxide results in deadly disease like cancer and othercardiopulmonarymortality. Problem statement Most of the organizations are developing rapidly in terms of their maximum productivity and profitability. The enhancement in the productivity is supported by the modern technology and high production helps them to attain more financial growth. However, the scenario for the oil and coal industry is not the same and hence it is a highly risky industry to accomplish the business. Other manufacturing organizations formulates new products with the help of the evolved technology but the concerned industry in this research study have to rely the natural resources as the oil and coal cannot not be formulated manually or artificially. Throughout so many years, these sources are considered as a source of energy and it is diminishing days by day by a great extent. In this modern era, it is evident that the organization adopts an ecological approach to accomplish the business procedure so that the environment should be less impacted by the mining and extraction of coal and oil. Thus, the study enlightens on the evolved risk and uncertainty in the business of coal and oil. Van der Hoeven, (2013) researched and mentioned that United States is the leading country for the coal reservoirs and reserves 121,961.7 million tones oil equivalent coals while Russia and China follows the US by reserves 68,699.3 million tons and 58,900 million tones oils respectively. Harriss, (2016) moreover affirms that Saudi Arabia is the major producer and consumer of oil and stores produces 9817thousand of barrels per day. Russia and Iran follows UAE by producing 8,543 and 3,852 thousand of barrels per day (Van der Hoeven, 2013). The increased concern of the modern people towards the environment makes them using these materials less, which results in the structural decl ine of the coal and oil industry. Moreover, James, (2012) states that people also takes initiatives to protect these natural resources for the next generation and hence there is a fluctuation of the demand of these resources, which results in the cost risk. In addition to this, exporting coal and oil to distant consumers results in the supply risk. Thus, this research is to cover the study of these risks of the coal and oil industry. Research questions The major aim of this research is to investigate the evolved risk in the coal and oil industry for their mining and extraction from the ground. RQ1: What is the effect of the political risk in the coal and oil industry? RQ2: What is the effect of the geological risk in the coal and oil industry? RQ3: What is the price risk affect the in the coal and oil industry? RQ4: What is the effect of the operational risk in the coal and oil industry? RQ5: How supply and demand risk affects the coal and oil industry? These questions will help to study the different risk factors in the coal and oil industry so that the concerned organization can follow these factors for better performance and that makes them able to enhance their productivity and profitability. Justification of the project The research proposal would be helping in: Outlining of the research proposal related to the risks and uncertainty in oil and gas project Enlightening on the involved risk and uncertainty in the business of coal and oil Incorporating the observation of the key indicators of the data analysis and risks analysis methods Helping the organization to better understand about the significance of evaluating the various risks involved with the oil and business process Helping the organization to apply with the risk management strategies such that to prevent the risks to occur within the business environment Expected research outcome The expected outcome of the research process would be to analyse the various risk and uncertainties related to the oil and gas industry. The study includes the details of the methodology incorporating the literature review. It also incorporates the data collection methods including the surveys and data series by observing the key indicators of the data analysis and risks analysis methods. The purpose of the research project would be to generate the initiatives in the companies to protect these natural resources for the next generation. It would help in illustrating the case study of the business procedures of the organizations, which are growing rapidly and hence, there is an increasing demand of energy resources in these industries. The research outputs would be helping the readers to understand the problem that has been identified for the research proposal. In addition to this, exporting coal and oil to distant consumers results in the supply risk. Thus, this research is to cover t he study of these risks of the coal and oil industry. Conceptual framework The demand of the energy resources is increasing according to the market requirement wherein both the oil and coal industry faces the risk of the environment that results in the adverse effect of the land, wastewater and the air pollution caused. In recent times, people and almost every industry adopts a way that is more environmental-friendly and put less harmful affect by their outcome. As a result, every organization is taking the initiative for a greener approach for conducting their business. The enhancement in the productivity is supported by the modern technology and high production helps them to attain more financial growth. However, the scenario for the oil and coal industry is not the same and hence it would be very high risk industry to accomplish the business. Throughout so many years, these sources are considered as a source of energy and it is diminishing days by day by a great extent. Other manufacturing organizations formulates new products with the help of the evolved technology but the concerned industry in this research study have to rely the natural resources as the oil and coal cannot not be formulated manually or artificially. Cost risks Choma et al., (2016) illustrate that cost risk resembles to the adversity to retain their loyal and skilled employees for the betterment of their organization and appropriate raise is salary should also be provided to them during the booming season. The risk that is faced especially by the coal industry is addition is the structural decline for the persuasion of the exporting the coal (Arnold, 2016). In recent times, people and almost every industry adopts a way that is more environmental-friendly and put less harmful affect by their outcome. Price risk It is hard to predict the subsequent price of the coal and oil according to the demand of the community for the energy resources. The demand of the associated product is fluctuated according to the market requirement and hence predicting an amount for this proceeds to the way of gambling. The risk also resembles to the adversity to retain their loyal and skilled employees for the betterment of their organization and appropriate raise is salary should also be provided to them during the booming season. Supply and demand risks Murray and King, (2012) depicts that another risk with this industry the supply and demand risk that resembles the circumstances when the coal and oil has to be supply in the extreme north direction while the organization who supply the resources. Political risks The political risk factor resembles the regulation formulated by the governing body where the organization persists (Gillingham, 2014). These governing bodies mainly generates regulation for the procedures by which the extraction of the oil and coal is governed by the bodies. Methodology The following methodologies would be undertaken by the researcher in order to analyse the objectives of the research proposal in an effective way: Literature Review: This chapter would be incorporating the reviewing of the literature of the various researchers who have illustrated on the business procedures which are growing rapidly and hence there is an increasing demand of energy resources in these industries (Boix, et al., (2015). The study would be helping in enlightening on the evolved risk and uncertainty in the business of coal and oil. Data Collection process: The chapter incorporates the various information related to the research study which are required to be scrutinized in order to collect idea about the risks and uncertainties related to the oil and coal industry. The chapter would be dealing in the collection of the information related to the effects of the political risk, effects of the geological risk, the price risk and the effect of the operational risk in the coal and oil industry. The chapter would also be dealing with the collection of useful information related to the supply and demand risk that also affects the coal and oil industry. Data analysis methods: The chapter deals in findings and analysis of the research process related to the risks and uncertainty in oil and gas project. Harris, (2014) demonstrate that the conduction of the data analysis, two important methods can be utilized including the quantitative and the qualitative methods. The quantitative analysis would be incorporating the use of the pie charts, figures, excel; sheets, statistical modeling and mathematical modeling tools. On the other hand, the quantitative analysis will be making the use of the surveys and forums. The techniques to be used for analysing the quantitative information would be descriptive statistics, which would be utilizing the descriptive statistics for the mean, median, and standard distribution and deviation of the primary variables that would help in evaluating the individual values to be clustering around the mean (Lewis, 2015). For analysing the qualitative information, Taylor et al., (2015) depicts that the utilization of the literature from the concepts would be used as a source for helping in the establishment of the findings and relationship will be examined on the basis of the information being acquired through the surveys and forums as collected from the employees of the relevant industry. References Arnold, J. (2016). " The Death of Sympathy." Coal Mining, Workplace Hazards, and the Politics of Risk in Britain, ca. 1970-1990. Historical Social Research, 41(1). Bauer, N., Bosetti, V., Hamdi-Cherif, M., Kitous, A., McCollum, D., Mjean, A., ... Calvin, K. (2015). CO 2 emission mitigation and fossil fuel markets: dynamic and international aspects of climate policies. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 90, 243-256. Boix, M., Montastruc, L., Azzaro-Pantel, C., Domenech, S. (2015). Optimization methods applied to the design of eco-industrial parks: a literature review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 87, 303-317. Burgherr, P., Eckle, P., Hirschberg, S. (2012). Comparative assessment of severe accident risks in the coal, oil and natural gas chains. Reliability Engineering System Safety, 105, 97-103. Caldecott, B., Robins, N. (2014). Greening Chinas Financial Markets: The Risks and Opportunities of Stranded Assets. Smith School etEnqute du PNUE. Caldecott, B., Kruitwagen, L., Dericks, G., Tulloch, D. J., Kok, I., Mitchell, J. (2016). Stranded Assets and Thermal Coal: An analysis of environment-related risk exposure.Stranded Assets Programme, SSEE, University of Oxford. Chiang, I., Ethan, H., Hughen, W. K., Sagi, J. S. (2015).Estimating oil risk factors using information from equity and derivatives markets.The Journal of Finance, 70(2), 769-804. Choma, B. L., Hanoch, Y., Currie, S. (2016). Attitudes toward hydraulic fracturing: The opposing forces of political conservatism and basic knowledge about fracking. Global Environmental Change, 38, 108-117. Fajersztajn, L., Veras, M., Barrozo, L. V., Saldiva, P. (2013). Air pollution: a potentially modifiable risk factor for lung cancer. Nature Reviews Cancer, 13(9), 674-678. Gillingham, J. (2014). Industry and Politics in the Third Reich (RLE Nazi Germany Holocaust): Ruhr Coal, Hitler and Europe. Routledge. Gorbacheva, N. V., Sovacool, B. K. (2015).Pain without gain?Reviewing the risks and rewards of investing in Russian coal-fired electricity.Applied Energy, 154, 970-986. Harris, D. M. (2014).Welcome Center Data Collection Process Improvement.South Carolina State Documents Depository. Harriss, R. (2016). Arctic Offshore Oil: Great Risks in an Evolving Ocean. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 58(3), 18-29. Hernandez, J. A. (2014). Are oil and gas stocks from the Australian market riskier than coal and uranium stocks? Dependence risk analysis and portfolio optimization.Energy Economics, 45, 528-536. James, T. (2012).Energy markets: Price risk management and trading. John Wiley Sons. Jenkins, W. D., Christian, W. J., Mueller, G., Robbins, K. T. (2013). Population cancer risks associated with coal mining: a systematic review. PloS one, 8(8), e71312. Kashcheeva, M., Tsui, K. K. (2015). Political oil import diversification by financial and commercial traders. Energy Policy, 82, 289-297. Lewis, S. (2015). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Health promotion practice, 1524839915580941. Mix, T. L., Waldo, K. G. (2015). Know (ing) Your Power: Risk Society, Astroturf Campaigns, and the Battle over the Red Rock Coalà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Fired Plant. The Sociological Quarterly, 56(1), 125-151. Murray, J., King, D. (2012). Climate policy: Oil's tipping point has passed. Nature, 481(7382), 433-435. Pritchard, C. (2013). The project management communications toolkit.Artech House. Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C. M., Ormston, R. (Eds.). (2013). Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers. Sage. Talus, K. (2014). United States natural gas markets, contracts and risks: What lessons for the European Union and Asia-Pacific natural gas markets?.Energy policy, 74, 28-34. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M. (2015). Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons. Van der Hoeven, M. (2013).World Energy Outlook 2013.International Energy Agency: Tokyo, Japan.

Grade Sample Books Helps Students Understand How to Structure Essays

Grade Sample Books Helps Students Understand How to Structure EssaysMost students struggle with the task of writing essays for the AP Exam, and many times they do not understand why they are failing. The answers usually involve the fact that students do not know how to structure an essay in the correct manner. They do not know how to follow the guidelines that are found in college level essays and they are often too lazy to follow the directions. To help students begin to understand how to write better essays, the following essay examples will be discussed.This first example uses several practice test questions which are used to demonstrate specific written skills that the student should learn. The student has to look for an answer to each question. His or her knowledge of the skills to use is tested by reviewing the essay and finding the right answer.This second example is a more formal essay, which helps explain the qualities that the student should learn about. The student needs t o decide how many skills will be studied and how often they will be studied. The student will have to learn how to organize the written content and he or she will need to think about how the information relates to the topic of the essay. The essay must also relate to the essay examples found in the grade sample book.In this third example, students use the same questions from the AP grade samples found in the AP course syllabus. The questions will vary slightly from the typical essay which makes the student think about what he or she will need to study and when he or she will need to study. The student has to use different skills to organize the information and he or she has to determine how much emphasis is given to which topic.In this fourth example, students use the practice exam questions to help them learn how to organize their essay. The different formats in which an essay is organized are explored. The student has to see how different items are arranged and how the content is related to one another. The student can learn how to put all the components of the essay together without using paragraph breaks.In this last example, the essay is structured in a formal way. Students will use different types of structure and many students do not know how to do this. The lessons covered in this grade sample book include structure, rules of grammar, and reading from a material list. The student is given a single task to complete and he or she has to make sure that all the material covered is included.Each of these examples shows how the student uses the proper format and how he or she can use style in order to make his or her essay stronger. It is important to use proper formatting when writing a paper. This is so the reader understands the writing format. Style should match the format because it is the reader's goal to read the essay as if it were printed in the current day.As a writing experience, it is important to know how to structure an essay. Writing a paper i s a skill that students should take time to learn. When writing a paper, it is important to make sure that the skill is learned correctly in order to be able to get the best grade.

Hospital Administrator Job Analysis

Introduction Human Resource is one of the most important departments within an organization. According to Muller (28), employees are the most important assets to any firm. They shape the direction of the firm and determine its success.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Hospital Administrator Job Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A work force that has the right qualification is determined to achieve and receive the right motivation, which would most definitely steer the firm towards achieving its strategic goals. To have this kind of a workforce, there must be an appropriate leadership in the human resource department. This leadership should be impartial in hiring and managing the human resource. It is therefore very important to have the right person with required qualifications holding this office in an organization (Shawn and Mazin 23). Job Analysis of a Hospital Administrator Hospitals are some of the bu siest organizational units in any society. Unlike other organizations, hospitals deal with health of people. This makes it very sensitive. The employees, who are doctors, nurses and other subordinate staff, have the lives of their patients in their hands. They have the responsibility to ensure that patients brought to them get the right medication and get back to the right health. This is not an easy task because it involves working for longer hours than expected. At times, employees may be recalled after they have left work, especially at times of emergency. This task is very stressing. It is therefore important to note that an administrator of these employees should be in a position to understand them in order to work with them appropriately. This position requires an individual who is able to master the art of human management. Furthermore, an administrator should have a clear understanding of the requirements of various medical units within the hospital. Such an individual shoul d have a clear understanding of the requirements of a medical officer. An administrator in such an institution should be a medical doctor by profession or a nurse. This is important because it would be easier to determine the capacity of his or her workforce. It would also help in determining the scope of employees in terms of ability in handling health related issues. This administrator should have some additional qualifications in human resource management to help him or her understand the art of personnel management. The officer should have at least six years experience as a medical doctor or a nurse in a busy medical institution. The individual should also have a two-year working experience as an assistant human resource manager, or an equivalent position. He or she should have good interpersonal skills and the ability to work under extended time limits as an administrator.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first pap er with 15% OFF Learn More This position is very sensitive since it determines the success of any organization. It is therefore important to offer a competitive remuneration to workers in the department. Holders of this position should receive about four thousand seven hundred dollars in a month as the basic salary. Any extended time spent at the institution should be paid differently in an hourly basis. This should be about twenty-four dollars per hour. As an appreciation to dedication to the organization, they should be given other rewards in order to motivate them. This may include holiday leave, a team building tour or other financial benefits. It is through this that a health facility may have the right candidate for the position. Works Cited Muller, Max. The Manager’s Guide To HR: Hiring, Firing, Performance Evaluations, Documentations, Benefits And Everything Else You Need To Know. New York: New York Press, 2009. Print. Shawn, Smith and R, Mazin. The HR Answer Book: An Indispensable Guide for Managers and Human Resources Professionals. New York: AMACOM, 2011. Print. This essay on Hospital Administrator Job Analysis was written and submitted by user Amy Campos to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The Monster in Eli Roths Hostel

The Monster in Eli Roths Hostel Free Online Research Papers He awoke in a dark, damp room that appeared to be a basement. Josh had not the slightest clue where he was. â€Å"Where the fuck am I?† he kept bellowing. Finally a man removed the burlap sack covering Josh’s face. â€Å"You, oh God, oh Shit!† Josh recognized the man from the train ride to Slovakia. Josh pleaded â€Å"Please, please, I didn’t do anything to you!† The man in the old-style executioner’s outfit was amused by his victim’s mental and emotional anguish. Josh pleaded with this dark figure to let him go. â€Å"I had always wanted to be a surgeon† the man said as he secured a scalpel. He then offered to open the door. Before untying his victim, the man used the scalpel to cut both of Josh’s Achilles’ tendons. The executioner was delighted to see Josh squirm to the door; leaving behind him two distinct trails of blood. What exactly had Josh done to deserve this? What crime had he committed? Josh was an American, and his executioner had the cash to pay for his life. In Eli Roth’s Hostel, a crime syndicate known as â€Å"Elite Hunting† operates out of a post-Soviet nation. The organization sponsors a very twisted form of slavery. Elite members may purchase human beings and kill them in any way they please. They just show up at an abandoned factory, pay for a victim, and have their way with the victim’s life. It’s not that simple though, as certain people cost more than others. For instance, a European victim costs less than say, a Japanese victim. Imports are a bit pricier than domestics. What is truly disturbing is that Americans cost the most. The demand to kill an American is higher than the demand to kill any other kind of person. While you can torture an Asian for $10,000, to do the same to an American costs $25,000. This is a clear symbol for the way in which Americans are viewed by the world. Take for instance a 2005 world survey conducted in 25 nations including the U.S. The survey showed that 75 percent of the respondents disapproved of how our leaders in Washington had dealt with Iraq. The majority of the 26,381 respondents also disapproved of the way five other foreign policy areas had been handled. This included the U.S. government’s dealing with Iran’s nuclear weapons program, global warming, and the military prison in Guantanamo Bay. This survey is a display of the current distaste for the U.S. and its government’s policy. In Jeffrey Jerome Cohen’s Monster Theory, Cohen describes the monster’s body as that of culture: â€Å"The monster is born only at this metaphoric crossroads, as an embodiment of a certain cultural moment-of time, a feeling a place† (Cohen 4). In other words, this monster, this intense dislike for the American people, traces it s origins to feelings of resentment and rage towards the U.S. government’s recent policies, especially that of the war in Iraq. Some may argue that the big-wig killers in Hostel pay more for Americans only because they are imported from overseas, but I contend that that the high price of Americans is due to the world’s view of the American people. In a survey found on people-press.org conducted in nine countries including France, Germany, and Turkey, all of these countries showed increasing belief in two years that the U.S. was over-reacting to terrorism. Another survey found on the same web site showed that most European nations disapprove of the United States using force in Iraq without United Nation’s approval. There is an apparent strong, unfavorable opinion of the United States. The monster in Hostel, then, is a cultural crisis. One must ask if the actions and decisions of the United States’ government have made the Americans appear as monsters to the European people. According to an article by Brian Eno on time.com, most Europeans regard Americans as stupid, arrogant, and ignorant. Eno says of the American people, â€Å"I could fill this page with names of Americans who have influenced, entertained, and educated me. They represent what I admire about America: a vigorous originality of thought, and a confidence that things can be changed for the better. That was the America that I lived in and enjoyed from 1978 to 1983.† Eno continued in his article, â€Å"That America was an act of faith- the faith that (otherness) was not threatening but nourishing, the faith that there could be a country big enough in spirit to welcome and nurture all the diversity the world could throw at it.† Eno believes the U.S. has taken a downhill course since S eptember 11: â€Å"But since Sept. 11, that vision has been eclipsed by a suspicious, introverted America†¦. The gated community†¦. Designed to keep the (others) out, it dissolves the rich web of society into a random clustering of disconnected individuals. It turns paranoia and isolation into a lifestyle.† It is difficult to put aside Eno’s arguments for the way other first-world nations look at us. After establishing itself as a world power after WWII, the U.S. became more and more comfortable with using military force. Vietnam and the Gulf War are two examples of our government using military force willy-nilly. Our current struggle is arguably unjustified and makes our government look foolish. You see the paranoia of our people at airports. How many times have you felt nervous when sitting next to an Arabic person on an airplane? Brian Eno makes vital points in regards to where the distaste for America comes from. However, we must ask if the U.S. and American people deserve being the target of this European loathing. In Hostel, for example, there is a scene when the two American characters are in a club in Amsterdam. They get into a fight with a Swedish man and are escorted out of the club by a bouncer. The mammoth Dane mutters something in the manner of â€Å"fucking Americans† as he throws them to the street. It is far too common for Americans traveling abroad to face such harassment. In many instances, though, it is brought upon by us. Americans, such as the two from the film, often act cocky and arrogant and forget to respect the place where they are at. The monster in Hostel is the intense hatred and disgust the U.S. receives from the rest of the civilized world. In Roth’s film we see this hideous and horrendous monster grow into acts of evil that even the S.S. of Nazi Germany would frown upon. You see this monster in the eyes of the torturers’ faces as they take great care not to kill their over-priced, American, animal bitches too quickly. It clearly costs more for an American because the killers get more satisfaction from it. Hostel’s monster is a cultural one. It was given life via the way in which the U.S. makes decisions and the actions of our government. The reaction by the rest of the world has to be a monstrous one. The United States is a world power and has been since World War II. Because of this and our advances in military technology, Americans are afforded the luxury of being weak and soft. We don’t have to watch the news at night. We don’t have to worry about coming under attack. We were proven wrong on Sept. 11, but our government reacted in the wrong way. Our president even used the attack as an excuse to mobilize forces into Iraq. These actions were all blunders and the world recognizes that. Our false senses of security and superiority have caused us to become rude, arrogant, and ignorant. This has become such a problem that our allies are starting to turn against us. We lacked support from both France and Germany when entering Iraq. The U.S. felt that it didn’t need U.N. approval to liberate Iraq. These actions created Hostel’s monster. In a sense, we are the mothers and fathers of this monster. 18 February 2007. news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/6286755.htm 19 February 2007. http://people-press.org/reports/display.php3?ReportID=206 Eno, Brian. â€Å"The U.S. Needs to Open Up to the World† 12 Jan. 2003 time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,407288,00.html Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome. â€Å"Monster Culture.† Monster Theory. Cohen, Jeffrey Jerome. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996. 3-6. Hostel. Dir. Eli Roth. Perf. Jay Hernandez, Derek Richardson, Rich Hoffman. Lion’s Gate Films, 2006. Research Papers on The Monster in Eli Roth’s HostelCapital PunishmentThe Effects of Illegal Immigration19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Influences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesPETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsHip-Hop is ArtComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito

Mock Concept Paper for Dissertation Research Proposal

Mock Concept Paper for Dissertation - Research Proposal Example Employment gives people tasks and responsibilities that keep them busy, which leaves them with little time to engage in vices that might lead to criminal activities. The most common methods of crime prevention are through deterrence, which is achieved by incarcerating offenders in jails, prisons and penitentiaries. The basic principle with this method is that it denies offenders their basic freedoms of movement and association amongst others. Depending on the terms of their incarceration, offenders eventually get to return to their communities and societies, which are referred to as reentry. The process of reentry poses different challenges depending on the nature of their communities and societies. This is because there exist various stereotypes and perceptions with regard to people who have been involved with crime. The degree of successful reentry into society after incarceration determines the levels or extent of recidivism of offenders. Previous research studies have established a connection or relation between employment, reentry and recidivism of offenders in society. Various factors play a role in determining the success or failure of re-integrating back into society or their recidivism into crime and incarceration. Employment is a key factor in these matters because it determines whether they are able to cater for their needs in a sustainable and lawful manner. Statement of the Problem The role of employment as a factor in offender reentry and recidivism provides a potential avenue for further study into the role that it can play in rehabilitation efforts away from institutions. Employment ensures that offenders are engaged in constructive endeavors that benefit themselves and their community. Various factors influence the ability of offenders to acquire or attain employment after they rejoin their communities. These factors have varying effects depending on the individual and characteristic society or community. As it has been established by previous studies, employment or its lack is a major instigator of crime. This is because; employment provides a source of livelihood, without which an individual is forced to seek alternative means of earning a living. In today’s world, alternative sources of earning a livelihood are permeated with illegal aspects that land people in jail. There are various independent (IV), dependent variables (DV), mediating and moderating variables that have been the subject of research studies regarding their influence on employment and crime (Fairchild & Mackinnon, 2009). A key construct in the journal article ‘Reentry and the Ties that Bind: An Examination of Social Ties, Employment and Recidivism’, are the social ties of an offender reentering society (Berg & Huebner, 2011). Researchers in this study found out that offenders who maintained social ties with their families and obtained steady work were less likely to recidivate (Berg & Huebner, 2011). A research study was conducted u nder the title, â€Å"Predicting Recidivism for Released State Prison Offenders: Examining the Influence of Individual and Neighborhood Characteristics and Spatial Contagion on the Likelihood of Re-incarceration† (Stahler et al. 2013). In another research study, the effects of Minnesota Prison-Based Educational Programming on Recidivism and Employment were

Political Economy of Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Political Economy of Japan - Essay Example After Taisho era, it was the economic downturn which helped in the emergence of militarists: In the history of Japan, The Taisho era is mostly from the year of 1912 till the year 1926. Within this era, the political power shifted from the hands of the elder statesmen to the democratic parties and the Diet of Japan. Consequently, the era is known as the time for liberal movement in Japan. Politically, Japan moved towards larger emblematic government. The minimum tax qualification for the voters had been reduced to enfranchise more voters and consequently was eradicated in the year 1925. The democratic environment flourished with the pass of the legislation which was in favor of labors. During this Taisho era, Japan has been able to enjoy the parliamentary government based on British model. The period started with the Hara cabinet and end with fall of Wakatsuki cabinet. During this short span of time Japanese statesmen had tried hard to eliminate war as the instrument to the national p olicy. Japan co-operated in the peace between nations. In the year 1921, the four power including United States, Japan, Britain and France agreed to recognize status quo in Pacific region. These nations had agreed not to interfere in China while it was trying to build a stable government within the country. Japan also made a noticeable contribution by withdrawing its troops from Shandong. This picture was supposed to continue until the economic downturn hit the Japan economy. That time only, militants accused the politicians for being failure to Meiji restoration and consequently called for the change in the country’s policy. As the economy in Japan worsened more, military advocacy gained its popularity. Eventually that resulted in Japan’s aggression in 1930.